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L-CARNITINE

L-CARNITINE

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L-Carnitine L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring quaternary ammonium compound (β-hydroxy-γ-N-trimethylaminobutyric acid) synthesized from lysine and methionine in the liver and kidneys. Preclinical studies in cell cultures and animal models indicate that L-Carnitine facilitates mitochondrial fatty acid transport for β-oxidation, supports energy metabolism, and exhibits antioxidant properties by reducing oxidative stress in various experimental systems.[1][2] Key…

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L-Carnitine

L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring quaternary ammonium compound (β-hydroxy-γ-N-trimethylaminobutyric acid) synthesized from lysine and methionine in the liver and kidneys. Preclinical studies in cell cultures and animal models indicate that L-Carnitine facilitates mitochondrial fatty acid transport for β-oxidation, supports energy metabolism, and exhibits antioxidant properties by reducing oxidative stress in various experimental systems.[1][2]

Key Research Areas

  • Fatty Acid Metabolism & Mitochondrial Function – In rodent and in vitro models, L-Carnitine has been shown to enhance long-chain fatty acid transport across mitochondrial membranes via carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), promoting β-oxidation and ATP production in energy-demanding tissues.[3][4]
  • Antioxidant & Anti-Apoptotic Effects – Preclinical investigations demonstrate L-Carnitine reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), protects against lipid peroxidation, and attenuates apoptosis in models of ischemia-reperfusion, aging, and metabolic stress.[5][6]
  • Tissue Protection & Metabolic Regulation – Animal studies suggest L-Carnitine supports muscle recovery, improves insulin sensitivity in metabolic disorder models, and modulates lipid profiles in high-fat diet paradigms.[7][8]

Product Specifications

CAS Number 541-15-1
Molecular Formula C7H15NO3
Molar Mass 161.20 g/mol
Sequence N/A (small molecule, quaternary ammonium compound)
Synonyms Levocarnitine, L-Carnitine base, Vitamin Bt
Purity ≥99% (HPLC)
Form White crystalline powder
Storage Room temperature (15–25°C), protect from moisture
Solubility Bacteriostatic water or sterile saline for reconstitution

References

  1. 1. Rebouche CJ. Carnitine function and requirements during the life cycle. FASEB J. 1992. PubMed
  2. 2. Longo N, et al. Disorders of carnitine transport and the carnitine cycle. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2006. PubMed
  3. 3. Kerner J, et al. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and regulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995. PubMed
  4. 4. Fritz IB. Carnitine and its role in fatty acid oxidation. Adv Lipid Res. 1963. (Classic mechanism study)
  5. 5. Hagen TM, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine fed to old rats partially restores mitochondrial function and ambulatory activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998. PubMed
  6. 6. Paradies G, et al. Effect of L-carnitine on mitochondrial function in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994. PubMed
  7. 7. Pooyandjoo M, et al. The effect of L-carnitine on weight loss in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev. 2016. (Metabolic data context)
  8. 8. Malaguarnera M, et al. L-Carnitine supplementation to reverse hyperammonemia in a patient with advanced cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci. 2007. PubMed
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